Control statements in Python are used to alter the flow of execution in a program. They enable you to make decisions, iterate over sequences, and execute code repeatedly. In this tutorial, we’ll explore three fundamental control statements in Python: if statement, for loop, and while loop.

Control statements are used to control the flow of execution depending upon the specified condition/logic.

 

1) if- Statement

An if statement is a programming conditional statement that, if the condition is true, it executes the block of code inside of it.

if condition:
# code block to execute if condition is true

 

Example:

x = 10

if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

 

In this example, "x is greater than 5" will be printed because the condition x > 5 evaluates to True.

 

books = 2  
if (books == 2) :
   print("You have ")  
   print("Two books")  
print("Outside of if statement") 

In the above code, we are checking if books are equal to 2, then execute the given code.

 

2) if-else statement

The if-else statement executes some code if the test expression is true (non-zero) and some other code if the test expression is false.

a = 10  
if a < 100:   
      print('less than 100')  
else:  
      print('more than equal 100')

In the above code, we are checking if a is less than 100, else will print “more than equal 100′.

 

3) Nested If-Else Statement

The nested if … else statement allows you to check for multiple test expressions and executes different codes for more than two conditions.

num = float(input("enter a number:"))  
if num >=0:  
     if num==0:  
         print("zero")  
else:  
     print("Negative number")  

In the above code, we are first checking if num is greater than or equal to 0 and then if it is zero if both the conditions are met, “zero” is printed, otherwise “Negative number”.